This partial bibliography of studies is provided for informational purposes only. It should not be considered to replace medical advice from your physician, nor should it be considered as a list of every existing study on this topic. The ANR Foundation is unable to provide copies of any of the studies. Links to either the study’s abstract or full text are provided when available. The citations referenced below are presented without comment regarding the source, including any potential conflict of interest. Due diligence is recommended in researching the source of any given study before relying on its conclusions.
Mantey, D.S.; Ruleman, A.M.; Üsküp, D.K.; Twitty, D.; Montgomery, L., “Trends in blunt smoking among adults in the United States, 2015-2022,” Addictive Behaviors 172: 108507, January 2026.
Arnold, M.J.; Leavens, E.L.S.; Sanderson Cox, L.; Brown, A.; Mayo, M.S.; Baldwin, N.L.; Nguyen, T.A.; Nollen, N.L., “Perceptions of a menthol cigarette and flavored cigar ban among Black and White adults who smoke menthol cigarettes, United States, 2024,” Public Health Reports [Online ahead of print], December 12, 2025.
Xu, X.; Homsi, G.; Liu, S.T.; Gaber, J.M.; Inyang, N.A.; Rostron, B.L.; Nagler, C.F.; Nonnemaker, J., “Annual U.S. healthcare expenditures attributable to cigar smoking between 2001 and 2018, overall and by payer,” PLoS One 20(12): e0337757, December 1, 2025.
Buszkiewicz, J.H.; Patel, A.; Cook, S.; Fleischer, N.L., “Longitudinal association of exclusive and dual use of menthol cigarettes and flavored cigars with cigarette and cigar smoking cessation among U.S. adults – population assessment of tobacco and health study waves 1-5 (2013-2019),” Drug and Alcohol Dependence 276: 112906, November 1, 2025.
Crump, A.A.; Amick, B.C.; Landes, R.D.; Brown, C.C.; Porter, A.; Fairman, B.F., “Perceived tobacco accessibility and cigar initiation: exploring racial and ethnic differences,” Tobacco Use Insights [Online ahead of print], September 27, 2025.
Zhang, X.; Dong, T.; Chen, D.; Sun, H.; Xu, A.; Wang, C.; Li, D.; Cai, J.; Bu, L.; Zhang, K.; Chen, H., “Unraveling flavor formation mechanism of cigar smoke through volatile compounds in cigar smoke and potential precursors in cigar tobacco,” Frontiers in Plant Science 16: 1672119, September 25, 2025.
Feinstein, M.J.P.; Erath, T.G.; Thrailkill, E.A.; DeSarno, M.J.; Medina, N.; Freitas-Lemos, R.; Higgins, S.T.; Klemperer, E.M., “Investigating the substitutability of little cigars/cigarillos, e-cigarettes, and other noncombusted tobacco products for cigarettes using the experimental tobacco marketplace,” Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology [Online ahead of print], September 8, 2025.
Johnson, T.O.; Satybaldiyeva, N.; Schleicher, N.C.; Hrywna, M.; Henriksen, L., “Cigarette and cigarillo ads promote ‘flavour’ in a US state that prohibits flavoured tobacco sales,” Tobacco Control [Online ahead of print], August 21, 2025.
Lonn, A.; Dewhirst, T.; Lee, W.B., “Behind the smoke: using authenticity to romanticise cigars,” Tobacco Control [Online ahead of print], June 6, 2025.
Hać, P.; Okabayashi, S.; Tsuboi, M.; Cieślik, B.M.; Konieczka, P., “Assessment of toxicity associated with inhalation of potentially toxic elements present in combustible tobacco products: cigars, pipe tobacco, bidis and cigarettes – an evaluation of risk assessment issues,” Toxicology 514: 154092, June 2025.
Inyang, N.A.; Loomis, B.R.; Nagler, C.F.; Coats, E.M.; Saba, C.; Saunders, M.; Liu, S.T., “Receipt and use of prohibited free samples of tobacco products among US adults who use cigarettes, cigars and smokeless tobacco, 2020,” Tobacco Control 34(3): 397-402, May 2025.
Audrain-McGovern, J.; Manikandan, D.; Koita, F.; Klapec, O.; Pickworth, W.B.; Stone, M.D., “Effect of sweet flavouring on the rewarding and reinforcing value of cigarillo among young adults,” Tobacco Control , May 2025.
Glasser, A.M.; Nemeth, J.M.; Bolkovac, E.; Quisenberry, A.J.; Trapl, E.S.; Klein, E.G., “Cigarillo flavor in context: qualitative analysis of the social-ecological factors influencing cigarillo and cannabis co-use among young adults,” Health Behavior Research 8(2): 3, April 2025.
Ntansah, C.A.; Popova, L.; Hardin, J.W.; Kim, M.; Sterling, K.L.; Reynolds, R.M.; Hackworth, E.E.; Ashley, D.L.; Henderson, K.C.; Yang, B.; Thrasher, J.F., “Assessing the impact of messages about reduced nicotine cigar products among people who use little cigar and cigarillo: insights from a discrete choice experiment,” Nicotine and Tobacco Research [Online ahead of print], January 17, 2025.
Tasdighi, E.; Yao, Z.; Jha, K.K.; Dardari, Z.A.; Osuji, N.; Rajan, T.; Boakye, E.; Rodriguez, C.J.; Matsushita, K.; Simonsick, E.M.; Lima, J.A.C.; Widome, R.; Cohen, D.; Appel, L.J.; Khera, A.; Hall, M.E.; Judd, S.; Cole, S.A.; Ramachandran, V.S.; Benjamin, E.J.; Bhatnagar, A.; DeFilippis, A.P.; Blaha, M.J., “Cigar, pipe, and smokeless tobacco use and cardiovascular outcomes from cross cohort collaboration,” JAMA Network Open 8(1): e2453987, January 13, 2025.
Carter, C.C.; Binns, S.; Emery, S.L.; Kostygina, G., “Analysis of cigar marketing expenditures by product category, placement strategy and geolocation in the USA, from 2017 to 2022,” Tobacco Control [Online ahead of print], October 17, 2024.
Sanchez, J.I.; Fong, R.S.; Hampilos, K.; Cooper, Z.D.; Middlekauff, H.R., “Blunt talk on “blunts”: the increasingly popular tobacco product that is potentially exacerbating tobacco-related health disparities,” Journal of General Internal Medicine [Online ahead of print], September 23, 2024.
Guillory, J.; Curry, L.; Homsi, G.; Saunders, M.; Henes, A.; MacMonegle, A.; Nonnemaker, J.; Sanders, E.C.; Mekos, D.; Wall Vigorita, M.; Budenz, A., “Predictors of cigar, cigarillo, and little cigar initiation among hip hop-identifying youth,” Substance Use and Misuse 60(1): 44-53, September 18, 2024.
Jensen, J.K.; Ganz, O.; Tomaino, M.; Glasser, A.M.; Sterling, K.; Delnevo, C.D.; Bover Manderski, M.T., “Patterns of blunt and cigar use in the United States, 2015-2019,” Nicotine and Tobacco Research [Online ahead of print], September 5, 2024.
Mantey, D.S.; Montgomery, L.; Chen, B.; Omega-Njemnobi, O.; Harrell, M.B., “Blunt smoking during emerging adulthood: characterizing transitions in cannabis and cigar co-use among a diverse cohort in Texas,” Addictive Behaviors 156: 108062, September 2024.
Kowitt, S.D.; Clark, S.A.; Glaser, O.; Jetsupphasuk, M.; Jarman, K.L.; Goldstein, A.O.; Thrasher, J.F.; Ranney, L.M.; Cornacchione Ross, J., “Examining the influence of cigar and cannabis co-marketing on packaging perceptions: an experiment with a sample of US youth,” Addictive Behaviors 158: 108126, August 5, 2024.
Buszkiewicz, J.H.; Mok, Y.; Mukerjee, R.; Fleischer, N.L.; Meza, R.; Jeon, J., “Cross-sectional patterns and longitudinal transitions of unflavored and flavored cigar use without and with cigarettes among United States adults,” Preventive Medicine 185: 108027, August 2024.
Levy, D.T.; Cadham, C.; Mok, Y.; Travis, N.; Buszkiewicz, J.H.; Jeon, J.; Fleischer, N.L.; Meza, R., “The public health impact of a ban on flavored cigars: a decision-theoretic policy framework,” Nicotine and Tobacco Research, [Online ahead of print], July 13, 2024.
Kleber, S.; Philips, R.; Goldstein, A.O., “Reports of tobacco sales, sponsorships, and policies at professional golf tournaments,” Nicotine and Tobacco Research [Online ahead of print], March 18, 2024.
Diaz, M.C.; Yoon, S.N.; Donovan, E.; Akbar, M.; Schillo, B.A., “The effect of state and local flavored cigar sales restrictions, on retail sales of large cigars, cigarillos and little cigars in Massachusetts, California, Illinois, and New York,” Nicotine and Tobacco Research 26(2): 169–176, February 2024.
Cook, S.; Buskiewicz, J.; Levy, D.T.; Meza, R.; Fleischer, N.L., “Association between cigar use, with and without cigarettes, and incident diagnosed COPD: a longitudinal cohort study,” Respiratory Research 25(1): 13, January 4, 2024.
Ji, H.; Jin, Z.; Fenton, L.; Slone, S.;, “Evaluation of six aromatic amines in the mainstream smoke of commercial cigars,” Chemical Research in Toxicology 36(12): 2001-2009, December 18, 2023.
Vargees, C.; Stroup, A.M.; Niznik, T.; Dunn, D.; Wyatt, R.; Hoetger, C.; Taleb, Z.B.; Cohn, A.M.; Cobb, C.O.; Fetterman, J.L., “Patterns of use, perceptions, and cardiopulmonary health risks of cigar products: a systematic review,” BMC Public Health 23(1): 2357, November 28, 2023.
DeAtley, T.; Stone, M.D.; Johnson, A.C.; Mercincavage, M.; Villanti, A.C.; Wetter, D.W.; Audrain-McGovern, J.; Delnevo, C.; Strasser, A.A., “Racial and ethnic variation in perceived relative harm of tobacco and nicotine products: an experimental study,” BMJ Public Health 3(2): e002723, November 13, 2025.
Lin, K.; Wallis, C.; Wong, E.M.; Edwards, P.; Cole, A.; Van Winkle, L.; Wexler, A.S., “Heterogeneous deposition of regular and mentholated little cigar smoke in the lungs of Sprague-Dawley rats,” Particle and Fibre Toxicology 20(1): 42, November 6, 2023.
Kong, A.Y.; Ganz, O.; Villanti, A.C., “Exploring the presence and type of premium cigar retailers with neighborhood sociodemographic correlates in the United States, 2019-2021,” Nicotine and Tobacco Research 25(Suppl_1): S65-S68, July 28, 2023.
Ozga, J.E.; Smiley, S.L.; Hart, J.L.; Popova, L.; Stanton, C.A., “Premium cigar festivals: a potential target for marketing restrictions,” Nicotine and Tobacco Research 25(Supplement 1): S81–S83, July 28, 2023.
Levy, D.T.; Meza, R.; Yuan, Z.; et al., “Public health impact of a US ban on menthol in cigarettes and cigars: a simulation study,” Tobacco Control 32(e1): 37-44, April 1, 2023.
Repace, J.; Ott, W.; Klepeis, N., “Indoor Air Pollution From Cigar Smoke” In: Cigars: Health Effects and Trends. Tobacco Control Monograph No. 9. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute. NIH Pub. No. 98-4302, February 1998. Last updated September 24, 2020.
Corey, C.G.; Holder-Hayes, E.; Nguyen, A.B.; Delnevo, C.D.; Rostron, B.L.; Bansal-Travers, M.; Kimmel, H.L.; Koblitz, A.; Lambert, E.; Pearson, J.L.; Sharma, E.; Tworek, C.; Hyland, A.J.; Conway, K.P.; Ambrose, B.K.; Borek, N., “US adult cigar smoking patterns, purchasing behaviors, and reasons for use according to cigar type: findings from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study, 2013-2014,” Nicotine and Tobacco Research 20(12): 1457-1466, November 15, 2018.