This partial bibliography of studies is provided for informational purposes only. It should not be considered to replace medical advice from your physician, nor should it be considered as a list of every existing study on this topic. The ANR Foundation is unable to provide copies of any of the studies. Links to either the study’s abstract or full text are provided when available.  The citations referenced below are presented without comment regarding the source, including any potential conflict of interest. Due diligence is recommended in researching the source of any given study before relying on its conclusions.

Kegler, M.; Owolabi, S.; Reilly, K.; Pouncy, J.; Kaufmann, J.; Marra, A.; Haardörfer, R.; Berg, C., “A qualitative study on the influence of COVID-19 on smoking behaviors through changing social and physical contexts,” Health Education Research 38(5): 445-457, September 20, 2023.

Kishore, S.; Shah, V.; Bera, O.P.; Venkatesh, U.; Kakkar, R.; Aggarwal, P.; Bhardwaj, P.; Singh, C.M.; Maliye, C.; Garg, S.; Menon, G.R.; Misra, P.; Kishore Verma, S.; COVID SHS Study Group., “Risk of secondhand smoke exposure and severity of COVID-19 infection: multicenter case-control study,” Frontiers in Public Health 11: August 3, 2023.

Zarei, K.; Hamilton-Moseley, K.R.; Chen-Sankey, J.; et al., “Financial hardship during the COVID-19 pandemic and increased receipt of commercial tobacco discount coupons among US adults who use commercial tobaccoTobacco Control [Online ahead of print], June 20, 2023.

Yao, Y.; Cheung, D.Y.T.; Luk, T.T.; Lam, T.H.; Wu, Y.S.; Wang, M.P., “Perceived increased susceptibility to COVID-19 due to smoking was associated with reduced smoking at home but not on the streets amid the pandemic: a population-based cross-sectional study,” Tobacco Induced Diseases  21: 56, May 5, 2023.

Mamudu, H.M.; Adzrago, D.; Dada, O.; Odame, E.A.; Ahuja, M.; Awasthi, M.; Weierbach, F.M.; Williams, F.; Stewart, D.W.; Paul, T.K., “Examining disparities in current e-cigarette use among U.S. adults before and after the WHO Declaration of the COVID-19 Pandemic in March 2020,” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20(9): 5649, April 26, 2023.

Kreslake, J.M.; O’Connor, K.M.; Liu, M.; Vallone, D.M.; Hair, E., “A resurgence of e-cigarette use among adolescents and young adults late in the COVID-19 pandemic,” PLoS One 18(3): e0282894, March 29, 2023.

Gehlert, S.; Rees, V.W.; Choi, K.; Jackson, P.D.; Sheehan, B.E.; Grucza, R.A.; Paulson, A.; Plunk, A.D., “COVID-19 stay-at-home orders and secondhand smoke in public housing,” American Journal of Preventive Medicine [Online ahead of print], March 3, 2023.

Klein, J.D.; Resnick, E.A.; Chamberlin, M.E.; Kress, E.A., “Second-hand smoke surveillance and COVID-19: a missed opportunity,” Tobacco Control 32: 265-266, March 2023.

Gallus, S.; Bosetti, C.; Gorini, G.; Stival, C.; Boffi, R.; Lugo, A.; Carreras, G.; Veronese, C.; Santucci, C.; Pacifici, R.; Tinghino, B.; Zagà, V.; Russo, P.; Cattaruzza, M.S., “The association between tobacco smoking, second-hand smoke and novel products, and COVID-19 severity and mortality in Italy. Results from the COSMO-IT study,” Journal of Epidemiology [Online ahead of print], February 25, 2023.

Rachmawati, E.; Nurmansyah, M.I.; Suraya, I.; Listiowati, E.; Kurniawan, D.W.; Ahsan, A., “Association between cigarette smoking patterns and severity of COVID-19: findings from a study in 15 private hospitals in Indonesia,” Tobacco Induced Diseases 21: 27, February 17, 2023.

Wanchoo, K.; Abrams, M.; Merchant, R.M.; Ungar, L.; Guntuku, S.C., “Reddit language indicates changes associated with diet, physical activity, substance use, and smoking during COVID-19,” PLoS One 18(2): e0280337, February 3, 2023.

Nishimura, M.; Asai, K.; Tabuchi, T.; Toyokura, E.; Kawai, T.; Miyamoto, A.; Watanabe, T.; Kawaguchi, T., “Association of combustible cigarettes and heated tobacco products use with SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19 in Japan: a JASTIS 2022 cross-sectional study,” Scientific Reports 13(1): 1120, February 2, 2023.

Asare, S.; Xue, Z.; Majmundar, A.; Bandi, P.; Nargis, N., “Changes in state-level cigarette sales during the COVID-19 pandemic,” JAMA Network Open 5(12): e2248678, December 28, 2022.

Ostrowska, A.; Pinkas, J.; Giermaziak, W.; Wierzba, W.; Gujski, M.; Jankowski, M., “Smoke-free homes in Poland during the COVID-19 pandemic – a nationwide cross-sectional survey,” International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health [Online ahead of print], December 27, 2022.

Wharton, M.K.; Islam, S.; Abadi, M.H.; Pokhrel, P.; Lipperman-Kreda, S., “COVID-19 restrictions and adolescent cigarette and e-cigarette use in California,” American Journal of Preventive Medicine [Online ahead of print], October 16, 2022.

Dove, M.S.; Leistikow, B.N.; Khan, N.; Tong, E.K., “Current smoking and risk of Coronavirus infection and illness in a highly controlled challenge study: a re-analysis of the British Cold Study,” Nicotine and Tobacco Research [Online ahead of print], October 4, 2022.

Chong, W.W.; Acar, Z.I.; West, M.L.; Wong, F., “A scoping review on the medical and recreational use of cannabis during the COVID-19 pandemic,” Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research 7(5): 591-602, October 2022.

Benowitz, N.L.; Goniewicz, M.L.; Halpern-Felsher, B.; Krishnan-Sarin, S.; Ling, P.M.; O’Connor, R.J.; Pentz, M.A.; Robertson, R.M.; Bhatnagar, A., “Tobacco product use and the risks of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19: current understanding and recommendations for future research,” Lancet Respiratory Medicine 10(9): 900-915, September 1, 2022.

Tsou, H.H.; Wang, P.H.; Ting, T.H.; Ping, Y.H.; Liu, T.Y.; Cheng, H.W.; Wang, H.T., “Effect of heated tobacco products and traditional cigarettes on pulmonary toxicity and SARS-CoV-2-induced lung injury,” Toxicology 479: 153318, September 2022.

Young-Wolff, K.C.; Slama, N.; Alexeeff, S.E.; Prochaska, J.J.; Fogelberg, R.; Sakoda, L.C., “Electronic cigarette use and risk of COVID-19 among young adults without a history of cigarette smoking,” Preventive Medicine 162: 107151, September 2022.

Merz, W.; Magraner, J.; Gunge, D.; Advani, I.; Crotty Alexander, L.E.; Oren, E., “Electronic cigarette use and perceptions during COVID-19,” Respiratory Medicine 200: 106925, August-September 2022.

Ramakrishnan, D.; Sureshanand, S.; Pittman, B.; Radhakrishnan, R., “Impact of cannabis use, substance use disorders, and psychiatric diagnoses on COVID-19 outcomes: a retrospective cohort study,” Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 83(5): 21m14332, August 29, 2022.

Cabral, P., “E-cigarette use and intentions related to psychological distress among cigarette, e-cigarette, and cannabis vape users during the start of the COVID-19 pandemic,” BMC Psychology 10(1): 201, August 15, 2022.

Le Guen, C.L.; Muir, K.C.; Simons, M.; Coffman, D.L.; Soans, R.S., “The impact of smoking status and smoking-related comorbidities on COVID-19 patient outcomes: a causal mediation analysis,” Nicotine and Tobacco Research [Online ahead of print], August 11, 2022.

Cai, W.; Zhou, Y.; “Men smoke less under the COVID-19 closure policies: the role of altruism,” Social Science & Medicine 306: 115159, August 2022.

Yamamoto, S.; Tanaka, A.; Ohmagari, N.; Yamaguchi, K.; Ishitsuka, K.; Morisaki, N.; Kojima, M.; Nishikimi, A.; Tokuda, H.; Inoue, M.; Tanaka, S.; Umezawa, J.; Okubo, R.; Nishimura, K.; Konishi, M.; Miyo, K.; Mizoue, T., “Use of heated tobacco products, moderate alcohol drinking, and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody titers after BNT162b2 vaccination among Japanese healthcare workers,” Preventive Medicine 161: 107123, August 2022.

Lee, E.; Moore, S.P.; Trapl, E.; Fryer, C.S.; Gunzler, D.; Sterling, K.L., “Changes in little cigar and cigarillo use during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional analysis of a nationally representative sample of young adult users,” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19(15): 8933, July 22, 2022.

Zulkifli, A.; Rani, N.L.A.; Abdul Mutalib, R.N.S.; Dobson, R.; Ibrahim, T.A.E., Abd Latif, N.H.; O’Donnell, R.; Uny, I.; Zainal Abidin, E.; Semple, S., “Measuring secondhand smoke in homes in Malaysia: a feasibility study comparing indoor fine particulate (PM2.5) concentrations following an educational feedback intervention to create smoke-free homes during the COVID-19 pandemic,” Tobacco Induced Diseases 20: 64, July 12, 2022.

Fucito, L.M.; Bold, K.W.; Cannon, S.; Serrantino, A.; Marrero, R.; O’Malley, S.S., “Cigarette smoking in response to COVID-19: examining co-morbid medical conditions and risk perceptions,” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19(14): 8239, July 6, 2022.

Culbreth, R.E.; Brandenberger, K.J.; Battey-Muse, C.M.; Gardenhire, D.S., “2021 year in review: e-cigarettes, hookah use, and vaping lung injuries during the COVID-19 pandemic,” Respiratory Care 67(6): 709-714, June 2022.

Mulligan, K.M.; Zheng, D.X.; Gallo Marin, B.; Do, M.T.; Tucker, D.L.; Igbinoba, Z.; Notterman, D.A., “COVID-19 and EVALI: considerations regarding two concurrent public health crises,” American Journal of Emergency Medicine 56: 389-390, June 2022.

Driezen, P.; Kasza, K.A.; Gravely, S.; Thompson, M.E.; Fong, G.T.; Michael Cummings, K.; Hyland, A., “Was COVID-19 associated with increased cigarette purchasing, consumption, and smoking at home among US smokers in early 2020? Findings from the US arm of the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey,” Addictive Behaviors 129: 107276, June 2022.

Wiley, R.C.; Oliver, A.C.; Snow, M.B.; Bunn, J.Y.; Barrows, A.J.; Tidey, J.W.; Lee, D.C.; Sigmon, S.C.; Gaalema, D.E.; Heil, S.H.; Markesich, C.; Villanti, A.C.; Higgins, S.T., “The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on smoking among vulnerable populations,” Nicotine and Tobacco Research [Online ahead of print], May 23, 2022.

Bennett, B.; Romm, K.F.; Berg, C.J., “Changes in cigarette and e-cigarette use among US young adults from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic: news exposure and risk perceptions as potential predictors,” Tobacco Prevention & Cessation [Online ahead of print], May 6, 2022.

Grummon, A.H.; Hall, M.G.; Mitchell, C.G.; Pulido, M.; Sheldon, J.M.; Noar, S.M.; Ribisl, K.M.; Brewer, N.T., “Reactions to messages about smoking, vaping and COVID-19: two national experiments,” Tobacco Control 31(3): 402-410, May 2022.

Brener, N.D.; Bohm, M.K.; Jones, C.M.; Puvanesarajah, S.; Robin, L.; Suarez, N.; Deng, X.; Harding, R.L.; Moyse, D., “Use of tobacco products, alcohol, and other substances among high school students during the COVID-19 pandemic — Adolescent Behaviors and Experiences Survey, United States, January–June 2021,” Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report Supplements 71(3): 8-15, April 1, 2022.

Huang, D.; Xu, R.; Na, R., “Cannabis use is associated with lower COVID-19 susceptibility but poorer survival,” Frontiers in Public Health 10: 829715, April 1, 2022.

Tran, D.D.; Fitzke, R.E.; Wang, J.; Davis, J.P.; Pedersen, E.R., “Substance use, financial stress, employment disruptions, and anxiety among veterans during the COVID-19 pandemic,” Psychological Reports [Online ahead of print], March 24, 2022.

Mallis, N.; Dailey, C.; Drewry, S.; Howard, N.; Cordero, J.F.; Welton, M., “SARS-CoV-2 infection and e-cigarette use, binge drinking, and other associated risk factors in a college population,” Journal of American College Health [Online ahead of print], March 24, 2022.

Takenobu, K.; Yoshida, S.; Katanoda, K.; Kawakami, K.; Tabuchi, T., “Impact of workplace smoke-free policy on secondhand smoke exposure from cigarettes and exposure to secondhand heated tobacco product aerosol during COVID-19 pandemic in Japan: the JACSIS 2020 study,” BMJ Open 12(3): e056891, March 18, 2022.

Denlinger-Apte, R.; Suerken, C.K.; Ross, J.C.; Reboussin, B.A.; Spangler, J.; Wagoner, K.G.; Sutfin, E.L., “Decreases in smoking and vaping during COVID-19 stay-at-home orders among a cohort of young adults in the United States,” Preventive Medicine 156: 106992, March 2022.

Baker, J.; Krishnan, N.; Abroms, L.C.; Berg, C.J., “The impact of tobacco use on COVID-19 outcomes: a systematic review,” Journal of Smoking Cessation [Online ahead of print] January 20, 2022.

McFadden, D.D.; Bornstein, S.L.; Vassallo, R.; Salonen, B.R.; Bhuiyan, M.N.; Schroeder, D.R.; Croghan, I.T., “Symptoms COVID 19 positive vapers compared to covid 19 positive non-vapers,” Journal of Primary Care & Community Health 13: 21501319211062672, January 1, 2022.

Beasley, M.B., “Acute lung injury — from cannabis to COVID,” Modern Pathology 35(Suppl 1): 1-7, January 2022.

Oh, H.; Leventhal, A.M.; Tam, C.C.; Rajkumar, R.; Zhou, S.; Clapp, J.D., “Stressors experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic and substance use among US college students,” Drug and Alcohol Depend Reports 1: 100005, December 2021.

Maloney, S.F.; Combs, M.; Scholtes, R.L.; Underwood, M.; Kilgalen, B.; Soule, E.K.; Breland, A.B., “Impacts of COVID-19 on cigarette use, smoking behaviors, and tobacco purchasing behaviors,” Drug and Alcohol Dependence 229(Pt B): 109144, December 2021.

Zajac, L.; Gallate, X.; Gu, G.; Liu, B.; Elaiho, C.; Lin, E.; Mogilner, L.; Oliver, K.; Vangeepuram, N.; Wilson, K., “Disparities in marijuana and tobacco smoke incursions among New York City families during early months of the COVID-19 pandemic,” Journal of Public Health Management And Practice [Online ahead of print], November 3, 2021.

Merianos, A.L.; Russell, A.M.; Mahabee-Gittens, M.; Barry, A.E.; Yang, M.; Hsien-Chang, L., “Concurrent use of e-cigarettes and cannabis and associated Covid-19 symptoms, testing, and diagnosis among student e-cigarette users at four U.S. universities,” Addictive Behaviors [Online ahead of print], November 1, 2021.

Rosoff, D.B.; Yoo, J.; Lohoff, F.W., “Smoking is significantly associated with increased risk of COVID-19 and other respiratory infections,” Communications Biology 4(1): 1230, October 28, 2021.

Asare, S.; Majmundar, A.; Islami, F.; Bandi, P.; Fedewa, S.A.; Westmaas, L.J.; Nargis, N., “Changes in cigarette sales in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic,” Annals of Internal Medicine [Online ahead of print], October 19, 2021.

Kalkhoran, S.; Levy, D.E.; Rigotti, N.A., “Smoking and e-cigarette use among U.S. adults during the COVID-19 pandemic,” American Journal of Preventive Medicine [Online ahead of print], October 6, 2021.

Wang, L.; Wang, Q.Q.; Davis, P.B.;  Volkow, N.D.; Xu, R., “Increased risk for COVID-19 breakthrough infection in fully vaccinated patients with substance use disorders in the United States between December 2020 and August 2021,” World Psychiatry [Online ahead of print], October 5, 2021.

Popova, L.; Henderson, K.; Kute, N.; Singh-Looney, M.; Ashley, D.L.; Reynolds, R.M.; Nayak, P.; Spears, C.A., “’I’m bored and I’m stressed’: a qualitative study of exclusive smokers, ENDS users, and transitioning smokers or ENDS users in the time of COVID-19,” Nicotine and Tobacco Research [Online ahead of print], October 5, 2021.

Lundahl, L.H.; Cannoy, C., “COVID-19 and substance use in adolescents,” Pediatric Clinics of North America 68(5): 977-990, October 2021.

Miech, R.; Patrick, M.E.; Keyes, K.; O’Malley, P.M.; Johnston, L., “Adolescent drug use before and during U.S. national COVID-19 social distancing policies,” Drug and Alcohol Dependence 226: 108822, September 1, 2021.

Pelham III, W.E.; Tapert, S.F.; Gonzalez, M.R.; Van Rinsveld, A.M.; Wade, N.E.; Brown, S.A., “Early adolescent substance use before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal survey in the ABCD Study cohort,” Journal of Adolescent Health 63(3): 390-397, September 1, 2021.

Ramírez González, N., “Thirdhand smoke: a ubiquitous hidden threat in pandemic times,” Archives of Bronconeumology 57(9): 569-570, September 2021.

Garcia, L.; Abreu, C.; Abe, A.; Matos, M.A., “Reflections on passive smoking and COVID-19,” Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira 67(Suppl 1): 22–25, 2021.

Lallai, V.; Manca, L.; Fowler, C.D., “E-cigarette vape and lung ACE2 expression: implications for coronavirus vulnerability,” Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 86: 103656, August 2021.

Gallo, O., “Risk for COVID-19 infection in patients with tobacco smoke-associated cancers of the upper and lower airway,” European Archives of Oto-Rrhino-Laryngology 278(8): 2695-2702, August 2021.

Burki, T.K., “Tobacco industry capitalises on the COVID-19 pandemic,” Lancet Respiratory Medicine [Online ahead of print], July 29, 2021.

Ganne, N.; Palraj, R.; Husted, E.; Shah, I., “E-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) masquerading as COVID-19,” BMJ Case Reports 14(7): e243885, July 23, 2021.

Lugo, A.; Stival, C.; Paroni, L.; Amerio, A.; Carreras, G.; Gorini, G.; Mastrobattista, L.; Minutillo, A.; Mortali, C.; Odone, A.; Pacifici, R.; Tinghino, B.; Gallus, S., “The impact of COVID-19 lockdown on gambling habit: a cross-sectional study from Italy,” Journal of Behavioral Addictions [Online ahead of print], July 20, 2021.

Besaratinia, A., “COVID-19: a pandemic converged with global tobacco epidemic and widespread vaping – state of the evidence,” Carcinogenesis [Online ahead of print], July 5, 2021.

Osinibi, M.; Gupta, A.; Harman, K.; Bossley, C.J., “Passive tobacco smoke in children and young people during the COVID-19 pandemic,” Lancet Respiratory Medicine 9(7): 693-694, July 2021.

Shepherd, J.M.; Fogle, B.; Garey, L.; Viana, A.G.; Zvolensky, M.J., “Worry about COVID-19 in relation to cognitive-affective smoking processes among daily adult combustible cigarette smokers,” Cognitive Behavioral Therapy 50(4): 336-350, May-July 2021.

Melamed, O.C.; Zawertailo, L.; Schwartz, R.; Buckley, L.; Selby, P., “Protecting vulnerable groups from tobacco-related harm during and following the COVID-19 pandemic,” Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada [Online ahead of print], June 23, 2021.

Rigotti, N.A.; Chang, Y.; Regan, S.; Lee, S.; Kelley, J.H.K.; Davis, E.; Levy, D.E.; Singer, D.E.; Tindle, H.A., “Cigarette smoking and risk perceptions during the COVID-19 pandemic reported by recently hospitalized participants in a smoking cessation trial,” Journal of General Internal Medicine [Online ahead of print], June 7, 2021.

Morawska, L.; Allen, J.; Bahnfleth, W.; Bluyssen, P.M.; Boerstra, A.; Buonanno, G.; Cao, J.; Dancer, S.J.; Floto, A.; Franchimon, F.; Greenhalgh, T.; Haworth, C.; Hogeling, J.; Isaxon, C.; Jimenez, J.L.; Kurnitski, J.; Li, Y.; Loomans, M.; Marks, G.; Marr, L.C.; Mazzarella, L.; Melikov, A.K.; Miller, S.; Milton, D.K.; Nazaroff, W.; Nielsen, P.V.; Noakes, C.; Peccia, J.; Prather, K.; Querol, X.; Sekhar, C.; Seppänen, O.; Tanabe, S.I.; Tang, J.W.; Tellier, R.; Tham, K.W.; Wargocki, P.; Wierzbicka, A.; Yao, M., “A paradigm shift to combat indoor respiratory infection,” Science 372(6543): 689-691, May 14, 2021.

Brar, E.; Saxena, A.; Dukler, C.; Xu, F.; Saxena, D.; Cheema Brar, P.; Guo, Y.; Li, X., “Vaping, SARS-CoV-2, and multisystem inflammatory syndrome: a perfect storm,” Frontiers in Pediatrics 9: 647925, May 12, 2021.

Sivaraman, V.; Parker, D.; Zhang, R.; Jones, M.M.; Onyenwoke, R.U., “Vaping exacerbates coronavirus-related pulmonary infection in a murine model,” Frontiers in Physiology 12: 634839, May 10, 2021.

Doxbeck, C.R.; Osberg, T.M., “It’s not all smoke and mirrors: the role of social norms, alcohol use, and pandemic partying in e-cigarette use during COVID-19,” Substance Use & Misuse 56(10): 1551-1558, May 2021.

Schiliro, M.; Vogel, E.R.; Paolini, L.; Pabelick, C.M., “Cigarette smoke exposure, pediatric lung disease, and COVID-19,” Frontiers in Physiology 12: 652198, April 27, 2021.

Tini, G.; Gallo, G.; Musumeci, B.; Tocci, G.; Volpe, M., “A plea for smoking-free policies in COVID-19 times: cardiovascular prevention as an ally in coronavirus containment,” High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention [Online ahead of print], April 26, 2021.

Kreslake, J.M.; Simard, B.J.; O’Connor, K.M.; Patel, M.; Vallone, D.M.; Hair, E.C., “E-cigarette use among youths and young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: United States, 2020,” American Journal of Public Health [Online ahead of print], April 15, 2021.

Hassoun, A.; Brady, K.; Arefi, R.; Trifonova, I.; Tsirilakis, K., “Vaping-associated lung injury during COVID-19 multisystem inflammatory syndrome outbreak,” Journal of Emergency Medicine 60(4): 524-530, April 2021.

Sokolovsky, A.W.; Hertel, A.W.; Micalizzi, L.; White, H.R.; Hayes, K.L.; Jackson, K.M., “Preliminary impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on smoking and vaping in college students,” Addictive Behaviors 115: 106783, April 2021.

Yang, H.; Ma, J., “How the COVID-19 pandemic impacts tobacco addiction: changes in smoking behavior and associations with well-being,” Addictive Behaviors 119: 106917, March 22, 2021.

Verma S., “Vaping: from public health crisis to impacting SARS-CoV-2 pandemic,” American Journal of Epidemiology & Public Health 5(2): 036-041, March 11, 2021.

Gonzalez, M.; Epperson, A.E.; Halpern-Felsher, B.; Halliday, D.M.; Song, A.V., “Smokers are more likely to smoke more after the COVID-19 California lockdown order,” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18(5): 2582, March 5, 2021.

McAlinden, K.D.; Lu, W.; Ferdowsi, P.V.; Myers, S.; Markos, J.; Larby, J.; Chia, C.; Weber, H.C.; Haug, G.; Eapen, M.S.; Sohal, S.S., “Electronic cigarette aerosol Is cytotoxic and increases ACE2 expression on human airway epithelial cells: implications for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19),” Journal of Clinical Medicine 10(5): 1028, March 3, 2021.

Ishii, K.; Ohno, Y.; Oikawa, M.; Onishi, N., “Relationship between human exhalation diffusion and posture in face-to-face scenario with utterance,” Physics of Fluids 33(2): 027101, February 23, 2021.

Kumar, N.; Janmohamed, K.; Nyhan, K.; Martins, S.S.; Cerda, M.; Hasin, D.; Scott, J.; Pates, R.; Ghandour, L.; Wazaify, M.; Khoshnood, K., “Substance use and substance use disorder, in relation to COVID-19: protocol for a scoping review,” Systematic Reviews 10(1): 48, February 3, 2021.

Bandara, N.A.; Herath, J.; Mehrnoush, V., “Addressing e-cigarette health claims made on social media amidst the COVID-19 pandemic,” World Journal of Pediatrics 17(1): 3-5, February 2021.

Andreu-Mondon, M.; Barrio-Gimenez, P.; Mondon-Vehils, S., “COVID-19 and restrictions on tobacco use,” Med Clin (Barc) 156(2): 93, January 22, 2021.

Borgonhi, E.M.; Volpatto, V.L.; Ornell, F.; Rabelo-da-Ponte, F.D.; Kessler, F.H.P., “Multiple clinical risks for cannabis users during the COVID-19 pandemic,” Addiction Science & Clinical Practice 16(1): 5, January 20, 2021.

Klein, E.G.; Koopman Gonzalez, S.; Pike Moore, S.; Bohnert, E.J.; Quisenberry, A.J.; Trapl, E.S., “Pulling your mask down to smoke: qualitative themes from young adults on nicotine use during a pandemic,” Substance Use & Misuse [Online ahead of print], January 13, 2021.

Hopkinson, N.S.; Rossi, N.; El-Sayed Moustafa, J.; Laverty, A.A.; Quint, J.K.; Freidin, M.; Visconti, A.; Murray, B.; Modat, M.; Ourselin, S.; Small, K.; Davies, R.; Wolf, J.; Spector, T.D.; Steves, C.J.; Falchi, M., “Current smoking and COVID-19 risk: results from a population symptom app in over 2.4 million people,” Thorax [Online ahead of print], January 5, 2021.

Urrutia-Pereira, M.; Mello-da-Silva, C.A.; Solé, D., “Household pollution and COVID-19: irrelevant association?,” Allergologia Immunopathologia 49(1): 146-149, January 2, 2021.

Allami, R.H.; Suleiman, A.A.; Enezei, H.H., “Are smoker/vapers at risk of severe COVID-19 infection?,” Al-Anbar Medical Journal [Online ahead of print], 2021.

Bartel, S.J.; Sherry, S.B.; Stewart, S.H., “Self-isolation: a significant contributor to cannabis use during the COVID-19 pandemic,” Substance Abuse 41(4): 409-412, 2020.

Dai, M.; Tao, L.; Chen, Z.; Tian, Z.; Guo, X.; Allen-Gipson, D.S.; Tan, R.; Li, R.; Chai, L.; Ai, F.; Liu, M., “Influence of cigarettes and alcohol on the severity and death of COVID-19: a multicenter retrospective study in Wuhan, China,” Frontiers in Physiology [Online ahead of print], December 9, 2020.

Gaiha, S.M.; Lempert, L.K.; Halpern-Felsher, B., “Underage youth and young adult e-cigarette use and access before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic,” JAMA Network Open 3(12): e2027572, December 3, 2020.

Stokes, A.C., “Declines in electronic cigarette use among US youth in the era of COVID-19-a critical opportunity to stop youth vaping in its tracks,” JAMA Network Open 3(12): e2028221, December 1, 2020.

Kamiński, M.; Muth, A.; Bogdański, P., “Smoking, vaping, and tobacco industry during COVID-19 pandemic: Twitter data analysis,” Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking 23(12): 811-817, December 2020.

Sifat, A.E.; Nozohouri, S.; Villalba, H.; Vaidya, B.; Abbruscato, T.J., “The role of smoking and nicotine in the transmission and pathogenesis of COVID-19,” Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 375(3): 498-509, December 2020.

Soule, E.K.; Kheradmand, F.; Eissenberg, T., “Health practitioners should caution about misinformation and association of adverse effects of electronic cigarette use and COVID-19,” Preventive Medicine Reports 20: 101255, December 2020.

Li, D.; Croft, D.P.; Ossip, D.J.; Xie, Z., “The association between statewide vaping prevalence and COVID-19,” Preventive Medicine Reports 20: 101254, December 2020.

Abrams, E.M.; Sinha, I.; Fernandes, R.M.; Hawcutt, D.B., “Pediatric asthma and COVID-19: the known, the unknown, and the controversial,” Pediatric Pulmonology 55(12): 3573-3578, December 2020.

Shastri, M.D.; Shukla, S.D.; Chong, W.C.; Kc, R.; Dua, K.; Patel, R.P.; Peterson, G.M.; O’Toole, R.F., “Smoking and COVID-19: what we know so far,” Respiratory Medicine 176: 106237, November 19, 2020.

Wenzl, T, “Smoking and COVID-19: did we overlook representativeness?,” Tobacco Induced Diseases 18: 89, November 2, 2020.

Rubin, R., “Substance use disorder linked to higher COVID-19 risk,” Journal of the American Medical Association 324(16): 1598, October 27, 2020.

Berg, C.J.; Callanan, R.; Johnson, T.O.; Schliecher, N.C.; Sussman, S.; Wagener, T.L.; Meaney, M.; Henriksen, L., “Vape shop and consumer activity during COVID-19 non-essential business closures in the USA,” Tobacco Control [Online ahead of print], October 19, 2020.

Salah, H.M.; Sharma, T.; Mehta, J., “Smoking doubles the mortality risk in COVID-19: a meta-analysis of recent reports and potential mechanisms,” Cureus 12(10): e10837, October 7, 2020.

Kazachkov, M.; Pirzada, M., “Diagnosis of EVALI in the COVID-19 era,” Lancet [Online ahead of print], October 6, 2020.

Zhao, Q.; Meng, M.; Kumar, R.; Wu, Y.; Huang, J.; Lian, N.; Deng, Y.; Lin, S., “The impact of COPD and smoking history on the severity of COVID-19: a systemic review and meta-analysis,” Journal of Medical Virology 92(10): 1915-1921, October 2020.

Gaiha, S.M.; Cheng, J.; Halpern-Felsher, B., “Association between youth smoking, electronic cigarette use, and COVID-19,” Journal of Adolescent Health 67(4): 519-523, October 2020.

Vanderbruggen, N.; Matthys, F.; Van Laere, S.; Zeeuws, D.; Santermans, L.; Van den Ameele, S.; Crunelle, C.L., “Self-reported alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use during COVID-19 lockdown measures: results from a web-based survey,” European Addiction Research [Online ahead of print], September 22, 2020.

Soule, E.K.; Mayne, S.; Snipes, W.; Guy, M.C.; Breland, A.; Fagan, P., “Impacts of COVID-19 on electronic cigarette purchasing, use and related behaviors,” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17(18): 6762, September 16, 2020.

Sanchez-Ramirez, D.C.; Mackey, D., “Underlying respiratory diseases, specifically COPD, and smoking are associated with severe COVID-19 outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis,” Respiratory Medicine 171: 106096, September 2020.

Tsigaris, P.; Teixeira da Silva, J.A., “Smoking prevalence and COVID-19 in Europe,” Nicotine and Tobacco Research 22(9): 1646-1649, September 2020.

Patanavanich, R.; Glantz, S.A., “Smoking is associated with COVID-19 progression: a meta-analysis,” Nicotine and Tobacco Research 22(9): 1653-1656, September 2020.

Tindle, H.A.; Newhouse, P.A.; Freiberg, M.S., “Beyond smoking cessation: investigating medicinal nicotine to prevent and treat COVID-19,” Nicotine and Respiratory Research 22(9): 1669-1670, September 2020.

Reddy, R.K.; Charles, W.N.; Sklavounos, A.; Dutt, A.; Seed, P.T.; Khajuria, A., “The effect of smoking on COVID-19 severity: a systematic review and meta-analysis,” Journal of Medical Virology [Online ahead of print], August 4, 2020.

Zheng, Z.; Peng, F.; Xu, B.; Zhao, J.; Liu, H.; Peng, J.; Li, Q.; Jiang, C.; Zhou, Y.; Liu, S.; Ye, C.; Zhang, P.; Xing, Y.; Guo, H.; Tang, W., “Risk factors of critical & mortal COVID-19 cases: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis,” Journal of Infection 81(2): e16-e25, August 2020.

Jiménez-Ruiz, C.A.; López-Padilla, D.; Alonso-Arroyo, A.; Aleixandre-Benavent, R.; Solano-Reina, S.; de Granda-Orive, J.I., “COVID-19 and smoking: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the evidence,” Archives of Bronconeumologia [Online ahead of print], July 25, 2020.

Lippi, G.; Sanchis-Gomar, F.; Henry, B.M., “Active smoking and COVID-19: a double-edged sword,” European Journal of Internal Medicine 77: 123-124, July 2020.

van Zyl-Smit, R.N.; Richards, G.; Leone, F.T., “Tobacco smoking and COVID-19 infection,” Lancet Respiratory Medicine 8(7): 664-665, July 2020.

Armatas, C.; Heinzerling, A.; Wilken, J.A., “Notes from the field: e-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury cases during the COVID-19 response – California, 2020,” Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 69(25): 801-802, June 26, 2020.

El-Awa, F.; Fraser, C.P.; Adib, K.; Hammerich, A.; Abdel Latif, N.; Fayokun, R.; Prasad, V.; Fu, D.; Vestal, G.; Schotte, K.; Gouda, H.; St. Claire, S., “The necessity of continuing to ban tobacco use in public places post-COVID-19,” Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 26(6): 630-632, June 24, 2020.

Wang, Q.; Sundar, I.K.; Li, D.; Lucas, J.H.; Muthumalage, T.; McDonough, S.R.; Rahman, I., “E-cigarette-induced pulmonary inflammation and dysregulated repair are mediated by nAChR α7 receptor: role of nAChR α7 in SARS-CoV-2 Covid-19 ACE2 receptor regulation,” Respiratory Research 21(1): 154, June 18, 2020.

Kaur, G.; Lungarella, G.; Rahman, I., “SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 susceptibility and lung inflammatory storm by smoking and vaping,” Journal of Inflammation 17: 21, June 10, 2020.

Archie, S.R.; Cucullo, L., “Cerebrovascular and neurological dysfunction under the threat of COVID-19: is there a comorbid role for smoking and vaping?,” International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21(11): 3916, June 2020.

Russo, P.; Bonassi, S.; Giaconni, R.; Malavolta, M.; Tomino, C.; Maggi, F., “COVID-19 and smoking: is nicotine the hidden link?,” European Respiratory Journal 5(6): 2001116, June 2020.

Medel, D.; Meza, L.; Galimov, A.; Baezconde-Garbanati, L.; Sussman, S., “Notes from the field: vape shop business operations compliance in the wake of COVID-19,” Evaluation & the Health Professions 43(2): 135-137, June 2020.

Crane-Godreau, M.A.; Clem, K.J.; Payne, P.; Fiering, S., “Vitamin D deficiency and air pollution exacerbate COVID-19 through suppression of antiviral peptide LL37,” Frontiers in Public Health 8: 232, May 28, 2020.

Caponnetto, P.; Inguscio, L.; Saitta, C.; Maglia, M.; Benfatto, F.; Polosa, R., “Smoking behavior and psychological dynamics during COVID-19 social distancing and stay-at-home policies: a survey,” Health Psychology Research 8(1): 9124, May 27, 2020.

Pino, L.E.; Triana, I.; Pérez, C.; Piotrostanalzki, A.; Ruiz-Patiño, A.; Lopes, G.; Cardona, A.F., “Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ECs) and COVID-19: the perfect storm for young consumers,” Clin Transl Oncol [Online ahead of print], May 23, 2020.

Leung, J.M.; Yang, C.X.; Tam, A.; Shaipanich, T.; Hackett, T.L.; Singhera, G.K.; Dorscheid, D.R.; Sin, D.D., “ACE-2 expression in the small airway epithelia of smokers and COPD patients: implications for COVID-19,” European Respiratory Journal 55(5): 2000688, May 14, 2020.

Alqahtani, J.S.; Oyelade, T.; Aldhahir, A.M.; Alghamdi, S.M.; Almehmadi, M.; Alqahtani, A.S.; Quaderi, S.; Mandal, S.; Hurst, J.R., “Prevalence, severity and mortality associated with COPD and smoking in patients with COVID-19: a rapid systematic review and meta-analysis,” PLoS One 15(5): e0233147, May 11, 2020.

Cattaruzza, M.S.; Zagà, V.; Gallus, S.; D’Argenio, P.; Gorini, G., “Tobacco smoking and COVID-19 pandemic: old and new issues: a summary of the evidence from the scientific literature,” Acta Bio-Medica 91(2): 106-112, May 11, 2020.

Shekhar, S.; Hannah-Shmouni, F., “Hookah smoking and COVID-19: call for action,” Canadian Medical Association Journal 192(17): E462, April 27, 2020.

Mahabee-Gittens, E.M.; Merianos, A.L.; Matt, G.E., “Letter to the editor regarding: ‘An imperative need for research on the role of environmental factors in transmission of novel coronavirus (COVID-19)’ -secondhand and thirdhand smoke as potential sources of COVID-19,” Environmental Science & Technology [Online ahead of print], April 22, 2020.

Javelle, E., “Electronic cigarette and vaping should be discouraged during the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 pandemic,” Archives of Toxicology [Online ahead of print], April 18, 2020.

Phandthong, R.; Wong, M.; Song, A.; Martinez, T.; Talbot, P., “New insights into how popular electronic cigarette aerosols and aerosol constituents affect SARS-CoV-2 infection of human bronchial epithelial cells,” Scientific Reports 13(1): 5807, April 10, 2023.

Vardavis, C.I.; Nikitara, K., “COVID-19 and smoking: a systematic review of the evidence,” Tobacco Induced Diseases 18:20, March 2020.

Tajlil, A.; Ghaffari, S.; Pourafkari, L.; Mashayekhi, S.; Roshanravan, N., “Nicotine and smoking in the COVID-19 era,” Journal of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Research 12(2): 136-139, 2020.